Pre-Modern+World+(2)


 * __Pre Modern World (600-1450) __**
 * -Medieval Castle--- || -Mosaic of constantine at Ravenna-- || -4 great Caliphs- || Mayan Calendar ||

__** Guide to our website: **__ Ø Pirates Ø Timeline Ø Sample Essay Ø Useful links and videos Ø Primary Sources Ø Quiz Ø Key Terms Ø Bibliography

__“P.I.R.A.T.E.S” notes:__ **

· India à Gupta and Harsha Dynasties. Oppressive taxation, Autocratic governments · Japan à Feudalism in Japan, Daimyos held the power. · Islamic world à Sharia · Byzantine empire à Diocletian divides empire, capital in the east. o Constantinople o Council + emperor · Islamic world à Abu Bakr first caliph, expands Islam into Arabic peninsula o 4great caliphs o Ummayad dynasty = expands into central Asia, India, N. Africa and Spain. o Abbasid dynasty = Golden age, move capital to Baghdad, crusades, invaded by Seljuk Turks and Mongols. · Papal Monarchy · Holy roman empire starts with Carolingian emperor Charlemagne · Otto the great reunifies the small principates · Fredrick Barbarossa strengthens empire and expands to east, starts Hohenstaufen dynasty · France à weak monarchy · England à rests from Normand invasions, William the conqueror. o Magna Carta · Spain à Moor dominion + Castile and Aragon · Chinese Dynasties: End of Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan & Ming · Mongol dominion over Asia and Middle East. (Pax Mongolica) · Americas à Incan, Aztec and Mayan empires.
 * __Political:__**

· Byzantine à Corpus juris civilis, iconoclastic revolution, preservation of greek culture. · Islamic World à Invention of Algebra, advances in astronomy, High point of muslim learning during abbassids. · Cathedrals run by bishops become first schools · 1st universities in Europe (Bologna, Paris) · Lay education : grammar schools · Notaries · Liberal arts and grammar · St. Thomas Aquinas: “summa theologica” which says that god can be rationally proven · Romanticism: trough chivalry · Troubadours · Asia à examinations, Printed books · Americas à Aztec and Mayan calendars, good astronomers and architects · India à Spread of Buddhism, unification of Hindu language = Urdu, Tamil poetry · Spread of Islam into Middle East, north Africa Spain and India. · Byzantine à Religious regionalism, ascetic monasticism · Papal Monarchy · Clunic movement (Monasteries dependent on the pope) · Separation of church from state rules · Canon law (law for clergy) · College of cardinals elects the pope: separates religious hierarchy from political hierarchy · Asia à Legalist practices during Tang dynasty. Revival of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism. Spread of island into east Asia during Ming dynasty · Americas à Polytheistic religions, gods represented natural phenomenon · India à Spread of Buddhism · Byzantine architecture domes. · }During high middle ages: Buttons, Chimneys, Clocks, Mills, Heavy plow, Tandem harness · Gothic and Romanesque architecture: flying buttresses, ribbed vault and stained glass · Asia à Iron ore, compass, spinning wheel, gunpowder. · Byzantine à Based on trade from asia into Europe. · 1st Agricultural Revolution o Warmer climates in northern Europe o Technological advancements: Heavy plow, tandem harness, wind and water mills o Clearing away swamps ands forests = North populating o West europe then becomes one of the greatest powers on the globe o More fertile land
 * Intellectual: **
 * Religious: **
 * Artistic: **
 * Byzantine à Colossal building (hagia Sophia), Impersonal art, stiff sculptures, mosaics
 * Asia à More naturalistic paintings thanks to Daoism
 * Europe à Mostly religious art
 * Technological: **
 * Economic: **

· Rise of manorialism (economic system centered around a manor) · Manor = Church, Village, barn, castle, mill, fields · Open field system: 1)Lord · 2) Serfs · 3)Church · Field system: separates land between crops and fallow land  · Asia à Feudalism in Japan. Isolationist policy in china during Ming dynasty. More Ocean trade  · Americas à Agriculture based civilizations (maize, cacao, tobacco & potatoes)

· Feudal Japan à Daimyos control land & economy, Importance of Samurais in society · Asia à less rights for women during Ming dynasty · Americas à Warring and expansionist societies. Incas conquered territory by force, Mayans fought other city states. · Europe à Better nutrition = population growth in western and northern Europe · Serfs: own land, few rights, free marriage · Knights: Soldiers, depend on war, fight in tournaments follow chivalry codes
 * Social: **

**__Timeline__ **

__ AFRICA __ · West Africa · North Africa · East/Central Africa
 * Key: **


 * ** 600-1500 ** || slave trade from sub-Saharan Africa to Mediterranean ||
 * ** 636-651 ** || Muslims conquer Syria, Persia and Egypt ||
 * ** 1000-1500 ** || Consolidation of states ||
 * ** 1224 ** || Decline of the Kingdom of Ghana ||
 * ** 1270-1478 ** || Imperial revival in Ethiopia ||

__ AMERICA __ · Mexico · Central America · South America
 * Key: **


 * **__600__** || **__bark paper in Mayan civilization__** ||
 * **__800-1000__** || **__"Time of Troubles" in Mesoamerica__** ||
 * **__1000-1500__** || **__Inca civilization in South America__** ||
 * **__1325__** || **__Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) founded by Aztecs__** ||

__ASIA__ **Key:**


 * West Asia
 * Southeast Asia
 * East Asia


 * **610** || **monotheism in Arabia** ||
 * **618-907** || **Tang Dynasty in China** ||
 * **622** || **Muhammad's Hijrah** ||
 * **632** || **Muhammad dies** ||
 * **656** || **Split in Islam between Shiites and Sunnites** ||
 * **661-750** || **The Umayyads dynasty (Islamic kingdom)** ||
 * **661** || **Umayyads move Muslim capital (Medina to Damascus)** ||
 * **750-1258** || **The Abbasid dynasty (Islamic dynasty)** ||
 * **762** || **Abbasids move Muslim capital (Damascus to Baghdad)** ||
 * **907-960** || **China-warfare** ||
 * **960-1279** || **Song dynasty in China** ||
 * **1000-1500** || **Muslim invasions of India** ||
 * **1000-1200** || **Development of neo-Confucianism** ||
 * **1055** || **Baghdad falls to the Seljuk Turks** ||
 * **1095-1099** || **First Crusade** ||
 * **1162-1227** || **Genghis Khan** ||
 * **1185-1333** || **Japanese feudalism** ||
 * **1192** || **No of Buddhism in India** ||
 * **1200** || **Zen Buddhism in Japan** ||
 * **1200** || **Smallpox in China** ||
 * **1258** || **Mongols destroy Baghdad** ||
 * **1279-1368** || **Mongol (Yuan) dynasty in China** ||
 * **1300-1500** || **Daimyo in Japan** ||
 * **c.1300** || **Marco Polo in China** ||
 * **1368-1644** || **Ming dynasty in China** ||
 * **1498-1511** || **Portugal has control of East Indian trade** ||
 * **1549-1551** || **Introduction of Christianity to Japan** ||
 * **1453** || **Turks capture Constantinople and end Hundred Years War** ||

__EUROPE__ · Western Europe · Eastern Europe · Russia · Northern Europe
 * KEY: **


 * ** 630 ** || Muhammad enters Mecca ||
 * ** 711 ** || Muslims conquer Spain ||
 * ** 717 ** || Muslims attack Constantinople (unsuccessful) ||
 * ** 726-843 ** || Iconoclastic controversy in the Byzantine Empire ||
 * ** 768-814 ** || Charlemagne ||
 * ** 800-850 ** || Carolingian ||
 * ** 800 ** || Charlemagne is crowned emperor ||
 * ** 850-911 ** || Carolingian Empire fall apart ||
 * ** 936-973 ** || Otto the Great (Germany) ||
 * ** 988 ** || Conversion of Russia to Christianity ||
 * ** 1054 ** || Schism between Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches ||
 * ** 1073-1085 ** || Pope Gregory VII ||
 * ** 1095-1099 ** || First Crusade ||
 * ** 1100-1135 ** || Henry I (England) ||
 * ** 1108-1137 ** || Louis VI (France) ||
 * ** 1150-1500 ** || Gothic style in architecture and art ||
 * ** 1154-1189 ** || Henry II of England ||
 * ** 1187 ** || Crusaders lose Jerusalem ||
 * ** 1198-1216 ** || Pope Innocent III ||
 * ** 1204 ** || Constantinople is sacked by crusaders ||
 * ** 1215 ** || Magna Carta ||
 * ** 1226-1270 ** || Louis IX (France) ||
 * ** 1285-1314 ** || Philip IV (France) ||
 * ** 1300-1450 ** || European economic depression ||
 * ** 1337-1453 ** || Hundred Years War ||
 * ** 1347-1350 ** || Black Death ||
 * ** 1378-1417 ** || The Great Schism ||


 * __Sample Essay:__ **

__**Quiz:**__ @http://www.quibblo.com/quiz/c5fdAjf/Pre-Modern-World-Practice-Questions __Useful links__ **** __& videos__ **

media type="youtube" key="oH-E9uH1nYs" height="385" width="480" media type="youtube" key="yp_l5ntikaU" height="385" width="480"

à http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/muhm-sermon.html (prophet muhammad’s last sermon) à http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/corpus1.html (Corpus iuris civilis) à http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/sozomen-constantinople1.html (founding of constantinople) à http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/nicea2-dec.html (iconoclastic movement in 2nd counci lof nicea


 * __Primay documents:__ **

This picture is a comic representation of the inquisition

This is a map showing the differet kingdoms and empires during the pre modern world

__Documents:__

Primary document about Cluny abbey à  [] Excerpt from "The Prince" by Machiavelli [] Primary document that describes a manor in the Middle Ages [] Speech by Poper Urban II calling for the Crusades [] (


 * __Key Terms__: **

1. **Allah:** Arabic for God; Muslim God (equivalent to Christian God)
 * 2. ****Battle of Tours: **732, Battle in Northern France that kept Muslims from advancing into Europe.
 * 3. ****Jihad: **Islamic Holy war.
 * 4. ****Shariah: **Islamic law derived from the Qur’an and Muhammad’s sayings.
 * 5. ****Sultan: **Islamic ruler (Islamic equivalent of a “king”)
 * 6. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Bakufu: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Japanese military government. Emperor was figurehead; real power lay in the samurai. Military leaders were called shoguns; their rule was called a shogunate.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">7. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Bushido: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Japanese samurai code of honor.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">8. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Neo-Confucianism: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Philosophical combination of Confucianism and Buddhist thoughts and ideas.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">9. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Scholar-gentry: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">well-educated class of Chinese men out which many bureaucrats would emerge.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">10. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Samurai: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">military class in feudal japan.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">11. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Ninja: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Feudal Japanese covert agents or assassins, specializing in unorthodox arts of war.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">12. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Chivalry: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Medieval European knights’ code of honor.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">13. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Feudalism: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Political, economic, and social system centered around lord-vassal interpendency.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">14. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Fief: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">grant of land given in exchange of service from receiver (ex. Military service)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">15. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Magna Carta: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">(1215) Document written in England that granted the Nobles certain rights, which would later be extended to the whole community.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">16. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Manorialism: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">system of self-sufficient states (worked hand-in-hand with feudalism)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">17. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Lateen Sail: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Triangular sail attatched to short mast.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">18. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Mongol Peace: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">(1250 – 1350) Eurasian trade & travel was given protection by Mongols.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">19. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Stateless Society: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Non-centralized society based on the authority of kinship groups (people related through blood or marriage).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">20. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Steppe Diplomacy: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">political survival skill in steppe nomad world, centered around knowledge of clan structure and tribal arrangements. Assasinations were commonly used to meet political goals.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">21. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Syncretism: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">blend of cultures.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">22. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Ayllus: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Incan clan or community that worked o projects assigned by ruler.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">23. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Chinampas: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Aztec “floating gardens” that helped expand their agricultural territory.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">24. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Mita: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Andean Society labor system where community workers shared wok that was gien to them by rulers and the religious community.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">25. ****<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">Parallel Descent: **<span style="font-family: 'Times','serif';">descent is traced through both mother’s and father’s line.

= Bibliography = Pearcy, T. (1999, February 5). World Civilizations. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from @http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/referenc/wrldtime.htm

Bulletin Version. (2009). //Paradox//. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from @http://www.truthnet.org/islam/Islam-Bible/2thequran/Islam_map.jpg

n.a. (2003, May 30). //no fish, no nuts//. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from the curse of the foreigner earworm : @http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6jSCtuQ-LzA/SD7TwIIALtI/AAAAAAAAB_0/cSnhcA5e17o/s400/crusades+cartoon.gif

N/A, The history channel, //The fall of constantinople,// Retrieved June 7th from: []

AP World History Practice Exam (2008) The College Board

Essay written By AP history studen Mateo Wirth and edited by Lucas Mendieta